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Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English film director and producer. Following his commercial breakthrough with the science-fiction horror film ''Alien'' (1979), his better-known works are the neo-noir dystopian science fiction film ''Blade Runner'' (1982), crime drama ''Thelma & Louise'' (1991), historical drama and Best Picture Oscar winner ''Gladiator'' (2000), war film ''Black Hawk Down'' (2001), crime thriller ''Hannibal'' (2001), biographical film ''American Gangster'' (2007), and science fiction films ''Prometheus'' (2012) and ''The Martian'' (2015). Scott is known for his atmospheric, highly concentrated visual style.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Ridley-Scott )〕 Though his films range widely in setting and period, they frequently showcase memorable imagery of urban environments, whether 2nd century Rome (''Gladiator''), 12th century Jerusalem (''Kingdom of Heaven''), medieval England (''Robin Hood''), contemporary Mogadishu (''Black Hawk Down''), or the future cityscapes of ''Blade Runner''. Scott has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Directing (for ''Thelma and Louise'', ''Gladiator'' and ''Black Hawk Down'').〔 In 1995 both Ridley and his brother Tony received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema. In 2003, Scott was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for his "services to the British film industry". In 2015 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Royal College of Art in London.〔 ==Early life and career== Scott was born 30 November 1937 in South Shields, Tyne and Wear in the North East of England,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sir Ridley Scott )〕 the son of Elizabeth (née Williams) and Colonel Francis Percy Scott.〔("Ridley Scott: England and Wales Birth Registration Index" ). Family Search.org.〕 He was brought up in an army family, so for most of his early life, his father – an officer in the Royal Engineers – was absent. His elder brother, Frank, joined the Merchant Navy when he was still young and the pair had little contact. During this time the family moved around, living in (among other areas) Cumberland, Wales and Germany. He had a younger brother, Tony, who also became a film director. After the Second World War, the Scott family moved back to their native North East, eventually settling on Greens Beck Road, Hartburn, Stockton on Tees, Teesside (whose industrial landscape would later inspire similar scenes in ''Blade Runner'').〔("The Blade Runner Connection" ). BBC. Retrieved 26 November 2014〕 He studied at Grangefield Grammar School and West Hartlepool College of Art from 1954 to 1958, obtaining a Diploma in Design. Scott went on to study at the Royal College of Art, contributing to college magazine ''ARK'' and helping to establish the college film department. For his final show, he made a black and white short film, ''Boy and Bicycle'', starring both his younger brother and his father (the film was later released on the 'Extras' section of ''The Duellists'' DVD). In February 1963 Scott was named in title credits as "Designer" for the BBC television programme ''Tonight'', about the severe winter of 1963. After graduation in 1963, he secured a job as a trainee set designer with the BBC, leading to work on the popular television police series ''Z-Cars'' and science fiction series ''Out of the Unknown''. He was originally assigned to design the second ''Doctor Who'' serial, ''The Daleks'', which would have entailed realising the famous alien creatures. However, shortly before Scott was due to start work, a schedule conflict meant he was replaced on the serial by Raymond Cusick. In 1965, he began directing episodes of television series for the BBC, only one of which, an episode of ''Adam Adamant Lives!'', is available commercially. (He directed two others, but these have been wiped.) In 1968, Ridley and Tony Scott founded Ridley Scott Associates (RSA), a film and commercial production company.〔 〕 Working alongside Alan Parker, Hugh Hudson and cinematographer Hugh Johnson Ridley Scott made many commercials at RSA during the 1970s, including a notable 1974 Hovis advert, "Bike Round" (featuring the New World Symphony), set in the north of England but filmed in Shaftesbury, Dorset. It was voted the UK's all-time favourite advert in a 2006 poll. Five members of the Scott family are directors, and all have worked for RSA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ridley Scott Associates (RSA) )〕 His brother Tony was a successful film director whose career spanned more than two decades; his sons Jake and Luke are both acclaimed directors of commercials, as is his daughter, Jordan Scott. Jake and Jordan both work from Los Angeles; Luke is based in London. In 1995, Shepperton Studios was purchased by a consortium headed by Ridley and Tony Scott, which extensively renovated the studios while also expanding and improving its grounds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/uploads/PDF/SheppertonStudiosHistory.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ridley Scott」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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